Vale yapanga matani pafupifupi 250,000 a zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zomwe zimasungidwa bwino, zomwe zavomerezedwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mchenga womwe nthawi zambiri umakumbidwa molakwika.

Pambuyo pa zaka 7 za kafukufuku ndi ndalama zokwana madola 50 miliyoni, Vale yapanga njira yopangira zinthu za mchenga zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumakampani omanga. Kampaniyo yagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zinthu za mchenga kudera logwirira ntchito miyala yachitsulo ku Minas Gerais, ndipo yasintha zinthu za mchenga zomwe poyamba zinkafunika kugwiritsa ntchito madamu kapena njira zomangira zinthu kukhala zinthu. Njira yopangira imadalira kuwongolera kwabwino komwe kunachitika monga kupanga miyala yachitsulo. Chaka chino, kampaniyo yakonza ndikupanga matani pafupifupi 250,000 a zinthu za mchenga zokhazikika, ndipo kampaniyo ikukonzekera kugulitsa kapena kupereka zinthuzo kuti zipangidwe konkire, matope ndi simenti kapena kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito panjira.

Bambo Marcello Spinelli, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Vale's Iron Ore Business, anati zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga ndi zotsatira za machitidwe okhazikika ogwirira ntchito. Anati: "Ntchitoyi yatilimbikitsa kupanga chuma chozungulira mkati. Pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mchenga m'makampani omanga. Zinthu zathu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zimapereka njira yodalirika m'malo mwa makampani omanga, pomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu chifukwa cha kutaya zinyalala. Mphamvu."

Malo osungiramo zinthu zamchenga okhazikika ku Bulkoutu

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za bungwe la United Nations, kufunikira kwa mchenga padziko lonse lapansi pachaka ndi pafupifupi matani 40 mpaka 50 biliyoni. Mchenga wakhala chuma chachilengedwe chomwe chimawonongedwa kwambiri pambuyo pa madzi, ndipo chumachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosaloledwa komanso modyera ziweto padziko lonse lapansi.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zomwe zimasungidwa bwino ku Vale zimaonedwa kuti ndi zinthu zochokera ku miyala yachitsulo. Miyala yosaphika yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe imakhala miyala yachitsulo pambuyo pokonza zinthu zingapo monga kuphwanya, kufufuza, kupukuta ndi kukongoletsa mufakitale. Luso la Vale lili pakukonzanso zinthu zochokera ku miyala yachitsulo mu gawo lokongoletsa mpaka itafika pamlingo wofunikira ndikukhala chinthu chogulitsidwa. Mu njira yachikhalidwe yokongoletsa, zinthuzi zidzakhala mipata, zomwe zimatayidwa pogwiritsa ntchito madamu kapena m'matumba. Tsopano, tani iliyonse ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zomwe zimapangidwa zimatanthauza kuchepetsa tani imodzi ya mipata.

Zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zopangidwa kuchokera ku njira yopangira zitsulo zili ndi satifiketi ya 100%. Zili ndi silicon yambiri komanso chitsulo chochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi mankhwala ofanana komanso kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Bambo Jefferson Corraide, manejala wamkulu wa Brucutu ndi Agualimpa, adati mtundu uwu wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga si woopsa. "Zogulitsa zathu zamchenga zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi, ndipo kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka zinthuzo sikasinthidwa panthawi yokonza, kotero zinthuzo sizikhala ndi poizoni komanso zopanda vuto."

Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa Vale mu konkire ndi matope kwavomerezedwa posachedwapa ndi Brazilian Institute of Scientific Research (IPT), Falcão Bauer ndi ConsultareLabCon, ma laboratories atatu aukadaulo.

Ofufuza ochokera ku Institute of Sustainable Minerals ku University of Queensland ku Australia ndi University of Geneva ku Switzerland akuchita kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha kuti afufuze makhalidwe a zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga wa Vale kuti amvetse ngati zipangizo zina zomangira izi zochokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali zingakhale gwero lokhazikika la mchenga Ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ntchito zamigodi. Ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "oresand" ponena za zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zomwe zimachokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndipo zimapangidwa kudzera mu kukonza.

kukula kwa kupanga

Vale yadzipereka kugulitsa kapena kupereka zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zokwana matani oposa 1 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2022. Ogula ake akuchokera m'madera anayi kuphatikizapo Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo ndi Brasilia. Kampaniyo ikuneneratu kuti pofika chaka cha 2023, zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchenga zidzafika matani 2 miliyoni.

"Tili okonzeka kukulitsa msika wogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zamchenga kuyambira mu 2023. Pachifukwa ichi, takhazikitsa gulu lodzipereka kuti liziika ndalama mu bizinesi yatsopanoyi. Adzagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira zinthu zamchenga panjira yomwe ilipo yopangira zinthu kuti akwaniritse zosowa za msika." Bambo Rogério Nogueira, Mtsogoleri wa Vale Iron Ore Marketing, adatero.

Pakadali pano Vale ikupanga zinthu zamchenga ku mgodi wa Brucutu ku San Gonzalo de Abaisau, Minas Gerais, zomwe zidzagulitsidwa kapena kuperekedwa.

Madera ena a migodi ku Minas Gerais akupanganso kusintha kwa chilengedwe ndi migodi kuti aphatikizepo njira zopangira mchenga. "Malo awa a migodi amapanga zinthu zamchenga zokhala ndi silikoni yambiri, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Tikugwirizana ndi mabungwe ambiri kuphatikiza mayunivesite, malo ofufuzira ndi makampani akunyumba ndi akunja kuti tipange njira zatsopano zoperekera zitsulo zatsopano. Njira yotulukira." Bambo André Vilhena, manejala watsopano wa bizinesi ku Vale adagogomezera.

Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zomwe zilipo m'dera la migodi yachitsulo, Vale yapanganso njira yoyendera yomwe ili ndi njanji ndi misewu yonyamulira zinthu zamchenga kupita kumayiko osiyanasiyana ku Brazil. "Cholinga chathu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti bizinesi yachitsulo ikuyenda bwino. Kudzera mu bizinesi yatsopanoyi, tikuyembekeza kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, pamene tikufuna mwayi wolimbikitsa ntchito ndikuwonjezera ndalama." Bambo Verena adawonjezera.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Vale yakhala ikuchita kafukufuku pa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomangira kuyambira mu 2014. Chaka chatha, kampaniyo idatsegula Puku Brick Factory, yomwe ndi fakitale yoyamba yoyesera kupanga zinthu zomangira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomangira zochokera ku ntchito zamigodi ngati zinthu zazikulu zopangira. Fakitaleyi ili mdera la migodi ya Pico ku Itabilito, Minas Gerais, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa chuma chozungulira pakukonza zitsulo zachitsulo.

Bungwe la Federal Center for Science and Technology Education of Minas Gerais ndi Pico Brick Factory adayambitsa mgwirizano waukadaulo ndipo adatumiza ofufuza 10 kuphatikiza mapulofesa, akatswiri a labotale, omaliza maphunziro, ophunzira a digiri yoyamba ndi ophunzira aukadaulo ku fakitaleyo. Munthawi ya mgwirizano, tidzagwira ntchito pamalo opangira fakitale, ndipo zinthu zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya kafukufuku ndi chitukuko sizidzagulitsidwa kwa anthu akunja.

Vale ikugwirizananso ndi kampasi ya Itabira ya Federal University of Itajuba kuti aphunzire njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zamchenga popaka miyala. Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kupereka zinthu zamchenga kudera lapafupi kuti zipakidwe miyala.

Migodi yokhazikika kwambiri

Kuwonjezera pa kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, Vale yatenganso njira zina zochepetsera kutayikira kwa nthaka ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito zamigodi zikhale zokhazikika. Kampaniyo yadzipereka kupanga ukadaulo wokonza zinthu zouma zomwe sizifuna madzi. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 70% ya zinthu zachitsulo za Vale zimapangidwa kudzera mu kukonza zinthu zouma, ndipo chiwerengerochi sichidzasintha ngakhale mphamvu yopangira pachaka itawonjezeka kufika pa matani 400 miliyoni ndipo mapulojekiti atsopano ayambitsidwa. Mu 2015, zitsulo zopangidwa ndi kukonza zinthu zouma zinali 40% yokha ya zonse zomwe zimachokera.

Kaya ntchito yokonza mouma ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji zimadalira mtundu wa chitsulo chomwe chikukumbidwa. Chitsulo cha ku Carajás chili ndi chitsulo chambiri (choposa 65%), ndipo njira yokonza imangofunika kuphwanyidwa ndi kufufuzidwa malinga ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa chitsulo m'madera ena a migodi ku Minas Gerais ndi 40%. Njira yachikhalidwe yochizira ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitsulo mu miyala powonjezera madzi kuti iwonjezere. Miyala yambiri yomwe imachokera imayikidwa m'madamu kapena m'maenje. Vale yagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wina wowonjezera chitsulo chamtengo wapatali, womwe ndi ukadaulo wouma wa magnetic separation of fine ore (FDMS). Njira yolekanitsira chitsulo ndi maginito siifuna madzi, kotero palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito tailings dams.

Ukadaulo wouma wolekanitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali unapangidwa ku Brazil ndi NewSteel, yomwe idagulidwa ndi Vale mu 2018, ndipo yagwiritsidwa ntchito pafakitale yoyesera ku Minas Gerais. Fakitale yoyamba yogulitsa idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Vargem Grande mu 2023. Fakitaleyi idzakhala ndi mphamvu yopangira matani 1.5 miliyoni pachaka komanso ndalama zonse zokwana US$150 miliyoni.

Ukadaulo wina womwe ungachepetse kufunikira kwa madamu a tailings ndi kusefa tailings ndikusunga m'matumba ouma. Pambuyo poti mphamvu ya pachaka yopanga chitsulo chachitsulo ifika matani 400 miliyoni, matani ambiri mwa 60 miliyoni (omwe ndi 15% ya mphamvu yonse yopanga) adzagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kusefa ndikusunga tailings. Vale yatsegula fakitale yosefera tailings kudera la migodi ya Great Varzhin, ndipo ikukonzekera kutsegula mafakitale ena atatu osefera tailings mu kotala loyamba la 2022, limodzi mwa iwo lili mdera la migodi ya Brucutu ndipo ena awiri ali mdera la Itabira Mining. Pambuyo pake, chitsulo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi njira yachikhalidwe yonyowa chidzangopanga 15% ya mphamvu yonse yopanga, ndipo tailings zomwe zimapangidwa zidzasungidwa m'madamu a tailings kapena m'maenje a migodi omwe atsekedwa.